What Is Blood Pressure ?
When the heart beats it pumps blood around the body, providing it with nutrients and oxygen. Circulating blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels. The strength of pushing is called blood pressure.
Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body.
When blood pressure is too high, it puts strain on the artery walls, making them more susceptible to deposits of cholesterol and development of atherosclerotic plaques (also called hardened arteries).
A blood clot may form at the site of the plaque and completely or partially block blood flow within the artery or cause it to rupture. If a clot blocks a blood vessel supplying the brain, it causes a stroke. If a clot blocks a blood vessel supplying the heart, it causes a heart attack. Block clots in the aorta (the body’s main vessel) may cause a life-threatening dissection.
High blood pressure makes the heart work harder. This causes the heart muscle to thicken and stiffen and may lead to heart failure.
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How to check blood pressure
Everyone should know their blood pressure. Knowing your numbers (Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Blood Sugar and Body Mass Index) is the key to preventing heart disease.
- The person should be seated comfortably in a quiet area for approximately five minutes before checking the blood pressure.
- The correct size of the cuff is important: if it is too large or too small it can lead to an inaccurate recording.
- The cuff should be positioned at the level of the heart and the arm should be supported on a table or arm rest.
- On your first visit to your doctor, blood pressure is recorded as an average of at least two measurements.
The reading will be expressed as systolic over diastolic blood pressure in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). The pressures reflect the pumping (systolic) and resting (diastolic) phases of a heartbeat.
In the figure, the top number (120) is systolic blood pressure and the bottom number (70) is diastolic blood pressure.
What are normal blood pressure numbers ?
A normal blood pressure level is less than 120/80 mmHg.1
No matter your age, you can take steps each day to keep your blood pressure in a healthy range.
What is high blood pressure (hypertension) ?
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Your blood pressure changes throughout the day based on your activities. Having blood pressure measures consistently above normal may result in a diagnosis of high blood pressure (or hypertension).
The higher your blood pressure levels, the more risk you have for other health problems, such as heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure ?
High blood pressure usually has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know they have it. Measuring your blood pressure is the only way to know whether you have high blood pressure.
What causes high blood pressure ?
High blood pressure usually develops over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting enough regular physical activity. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure. High blood pressure can also happen during pregnancy.
Hypertension complications : stroke, heart attack, kidney damage.
You can manage your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems that may affect your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.
What problems does high blood pressure cause ?
High blood pressure can damage your health in many ways. It can seriously hurt important organs like your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.
The good news is that, in most cases, you can manage your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems.
Heart Attack and Heart Disease
High blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and leads to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the heart can cause :
Chest pain, also called angina.
Heart attack, which happens when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen. The longer the blood flow is blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.
Heart failure, a condition that means your heart can’t pump enough blood and oxygen to your other organs.
Stroke and Brain Problems
High blood pressure can cause the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to burst or be blocked, causing a stroke. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities. A stroke can also kill someone.
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